Ta hanyar ƙara wasu adadin wasu abubuwa masu haɗawa don jefa baƙin ƙarfe, za a iya samun ƙarfen simintin ƙarfe tare da juriya mai girma a wasu kafofin watsa labarai. Babban simintin simintin simintin gyare-gyare yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan amfani. Jerin gwanon simintin simintin gyare-gyare mai ɗauke da siliki 10% zuwa 16% ana kiransa babban simintin siminti. Sai dai wasu 'yan nau'ikan da ke ɗauke da siliki 10% zuwa 12%, abun cikin siliki gabaɗaya ya tashi daga 14% zuwa 16%. Lokacin da abun ciki na silicon ya kasa da 14.5%, ana iya inganta kayan aikin injiniya, amma juriya na lalata yana raguwa sosai. Idan abun ciki na siliki ya kai fiye da 18%, kodayake yana da juriya na lalata, gami ya zama mai karye sosai kuma bai dace da yin simintin ba. Saboda haka, wanda aka fi amfani da shi a masana'antu shine babban simintin simintin simintin ƙarfe wanda ke ɗauke da 14.5% zuwa 15% silicon. [1]
Sunayen kasuwancin ƙasashen waje na babban simintin simintin simintin simintin gyare-gyare sune Duriron da Durichlor (mai ɗauke da molybdenum), kuma abun da ke tattare da sinadaran su yana kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa.
| abin koyi | Babban abubuwan sinadaran, % | ||||||
| siliki | molybdenum | chromium | manganese | sulfur | phosphorus | baƙin ƙarfe | |
| Babban siliki simintin simintin ƙarfe | 14.25 | - | - | 0.50 zuwa 0.56 | 0.05 | 0.1 | Ci gaba |
| Molybdenum dauke da babban siliki simintin ƙarfe | 14.25 | 〉3 | 少量 | 0.65 | 0.05 | 0.1 | Ci gaba |
Juriya na lalata
Dalilin da yasa babban siliki na siliki tare da abun ciki na siliki fiye da 14% yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata shine silicon yana samar da fim mai kariya wanda ya ƙunshi Ba mai jurewa ba.
Gabaɗaya magana, babban simintin simintin simintin ƙarfe yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata a cikin kafofin watsa labarai da iskar oxygen da wasu rage acid. Yana iya jure yanayin zafi daban-daban da yawa na nitric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid a yanayin zafi na al'ada, fatty acid da sauran kafofin watsa labarai da yawa. lalata. Ba shi da juriya ga lalata ta kafofin watsa labarai irin su babban zafin jiki hydrochloric acid, sulfurous acid, hydrofluoric acid, halogen, caustic alkali bayani da narkakkar alkali. Dalilin rashin juriya na lalata shine cewa fim ɗin kariya a saman ya zama mai narkewa a ƙarƙashin aikin caustic alkali, kuma ya zama gas a ƙarƙashin aikin hydrofluoric acid, wanda ke lalata fim ɗin kariya.
Kayan aikin injiniya
Babban siliki simintin simintin ƙarfe yana da wuya kuma yana da rauni tare da ƙarancin kayan aikin injiniya. Ya kamata ya guje wa tasiri kuma ba za a iya amfani da shi don yin tasoshin matsa lamba ba. Gabaɗaya ba za a iya yin simintin gyare-gyare ba in ban da niƙa.
Yin aikin injin
Ƙara wasu abubuwa masu haɗawa zuwa babban simintin simintin simintin ƙarfe na iya haɓaka aikin injin sa. Ƙara ƙarancin ƙasa magnesium gami zuwa babban siliki simintin simintin ƙarfe wanda ke ɗauke da 15% silicon na iya tsarkakewa da degas, haɓaka tsarin matrix na simintin ƙarfe, da spheroidize graphite, don haka inganta ƙarfi, juriya na lalata da sarrafa aikin simintin ƙarfe; don yin wasan kwaikwayo shima ya inganta. Baya ga niƙa, wannan babban simintin simintin ƙarfe kuma ana iya jujjuya shi, taɗa shi, hakowa, da kuma gyara shi a wasu yanayi. Duk da haka, har yanzu bai dace da sanyaya kwatsam da dumama ba; juriyar lalata ta ya fi na yau da kullun babban siliki simintin simintin ƙarfe. , da daidaita kafofin watsa labarai ne m kama.
Ƙara 6.5% zuwa 8.5% jan ƙarfe zuwa babban simintin simintin simintin ƙarfe mai ɗauke da 13.5% zuwa 15% silicon na iya haɓaka aikin injin. Juriya na lalata yayi kama da na talakawa babban simintin simintin simintin ƙarfe, amma ya fi muni a cikin nitric acid. Wannan abu ya dace da yin famfo impellers da hannayen riga da suke da tsayayya ga lalata da lalacewa. Hakanan za'a iya inganta aikin injin ta hanyar rage abun ciki na siliki da ƙara abubuwan haɗakarwa. Ƙara chromium, jan ƙarfe da abubuwan da ba kasafai ba a cikin siliki siliki wanda ke ɗauke da 10% zuwa 12% silicon (wanda ake kira matsakaici ferrosilicon) na iya haɓaka ɓarnawar sa da aiki. Ana iya juya shi, hakowa, tapping, da dai sauransu, kuma a yawancin kafofin watsa labarai, juriya na lalata yana kusa da na babban simintin simintin ƙarfe.
A matsakaici-siliki simintin simintin simintin gyare-gyaren da wani silicon abun ciki na 10% zuwa 11%, da 1% zuwa 2.5% molybdenum, 1.8% zuwa 2.0% jan karfe da kuma 0.35% rare duniya abubuwa, da machining aikin da aka inganta, kuma za a iya juya da m. Juriyar lalata yayi kama da na babban simintin simintin ƙarfe. Aiki ya tabbatar da cewa irin wannan simintin ƙarfe ana amfani da shi azaman impeller na dilute nitric acid famfo a cikin samar da nitric acid da kuma impeller na sulfuric acid wurare dabam dabam famfo ga chlorine bushewa, kuma sakamakon yana da kyau sosai.
Abubuwan da aka ambata a sama na simintin simintin simintin gyare-gyare ba su da ƙarancin juriya ga lalata hydrochloric acid. Gabaɗaya, za su iya tsayayya da lalata kawai a cikin ƙarancin maida hankali hydrochloric acid a zafin jiki. Don inganta juriya na lalata simintin simintin simintin ƙarfe a cikin hydrochloric acid (musamman mai zafi hydrochloric acid), ana iya ƙara abun cikin molybdenum. Misali, ƙara 3% zuwa 4% molybdenum zuwa babban simintin simintin simintin ƙarfe tare da abun ciki na siliki na 14% zuwa 16% na iya samun Molybdenum wanda ke ƙunshe da babban silikin simintin simintin ƙarfe zai samar da fim ɗin kariya na molybdenum oxychloride akan saman simintin a ƙarƙashin aiki na hydrochloric acid. Ba shi da narkewa a cikin acid hydrochloric, don haka yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi don tsayayya da lalata hydrochloric acid a yanayin zafi. Juriya na lalata ya kasance baya canzawa a wasu kafofin watsa labarai. Wannan simintin siliki mai ƙarfi kuma ana kiransa ƙarfen simintin ƙarfe mai jure wa chlorine. [1]
Babban aikin simintin simintin simintin ƙarfe
Babban simintin simintin simintin ƙarfe yana da fa'idodin babban taurin (HRC=45) da kuma juriya mai kyau na lalata. An yi amfani da shi azaman abu don nau'i-nau'i na hatimin hatimi a cikin samar da sinadarai. Tun da simintin ƙarfe ya ƙunshi 14-16% silicon, yana da wuya kuma yana da rauni, akwai wasu matsaloli wajen kera shi. Duk da haka, ta hanyar ci gaba da yin aiki, an tabbatar da cewa ana iya sarrafa ƙarfe mai ƙarfi na siliki a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi.
Babban simintin simintin simintin ƙarfe ana sarrafa shi akan lathe, ana sarrafa saurin igiya a 70 ~ 80 rpm, kuma abincin kayan aiki shine 0.01 mm. Kafin muguwar juyawa, tilas ne a nisa gefuna na simintin gyaran kafa. Matsakaicin adadin abinci don jujjuyawar juyi gabaɗaya shine 1.5 zuwa 2 mm don aikin aikin.
Juya kayan aiki kai kayan ne YG3, da kuma kayan aiki kara kayan ne kayan aiki karfe.
Hanyar yankan tana juyawa. Saboda babban siliki na simintin ƙarfe yana da rauni sosai, ana yin yankan daga waje zuwa ciki bisa ga kayan gabaɗaya. A ƙarshe, za a yanke sasanninta kuma za a yanke gefuna, wanda zai haifar da zubar da kayan aiki. Bisa ga al'ada, ana iya amfani da yankan baya don guje wa guntuwa da guntuwa, kuma adadin yankan ƙarshe na wuka mai haske ya zama ƙarami.
Saboda tsananin taurin ƙarfen simintin siliki mai ƙarfi, babban yanki na kayan aikin jujjuyawar ya bambanta da na yau da kullun na jujjuya, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke hannun dama. Nau'ikan kayan aikin juyawa guda uku a cikin hoton suna da kusurwoyin rake mara kyau. Babban mahimmancin yankewa da na biyu na kayan aikin juyawa suna da kusurwoyi daban-daban bisa ga amfani daban-daban. Hoto a yana nuna kayan aikin madauwari na ciki da na waje, babban kusurwar jujjuyawar A=10°, da kusurwar karkata na biyu B=30°. Hoton b yana nuna kayan aikin juyawa na ƙarshe, babban kusurwar raguwa A=39°, da kusurwar raguwa ta biyu B=6°. Hoto C yana nuna kayan aikin jujjuyawar bevel, babban kusurwar karkatarwa = 6°.
Haƙa ramuka a cikin babban simintin simintin ƙarfe ana sarrafa shi gabaɗaya akan na'ura mai ban sha'awa. Gudun spindle shine 25 zuwa 30 rpm kuma adadin ciyarwa shine 0.09 zuwa 0.13 mm. Idan diamita na hakowa ya kasance 18 zuwa 20 mm, yi amfani da ƙarfe na kayan aiki tare da taurin mafi girma don niƙa ramin karkace. (Kada ramin yayi zurfi sosai). Wani yanki na YG3 carbide yana kunshe a cikin shugaban bit ɗin rawar soja da ƙasa zuwa kusurwar da ta dace don hako kayan gabaɗaya, don haka ana iya yin hakowa kai tsaye. Misali, lokacin da ake hako ramin da ya fi mm 20, za a iya fara hako ramuka 18 zuwa 20, sannan a yi hakowa gwargwadon girman da ake bukata. An lulluɓe shugaban ɗigon motsa jiki tare da guda biyu na carbide (ana amfani da kayan YG3), sa'an nan kuma ƙasa a cikin semicircle. Ƙara rami ko juya shi da saber.
aikace-aikace
Saboda mafi girman juriyar lalatawar acid, babban simintin simintin ƙarfe an yi amfani da shi sosai don kariyar lalata sinadarai. Mafi yawan ma'auni shine STSil5, wanda aka fi amfani dashi don kera famfunan centrifugal masu tsayayya da acid, bututu, hasumiya, masu musayar zafi, kwantena, bawuloli da zakara, da sauransu.
Gabaɗaya magana, simintin simintin simintin ƙarfe yana da ƙarfi, don haka dole ne a kula sosai yayin shigarwa, kulawa, da amfani. Kada a buga guduma yayin shigarwa; taro dole ne ya zama daidai don kauce wa damuwa na gida; Canje-canje masu tsauri a cikin bambancin zafin jiki ko dumama gida an hana su sosai yayin aiki, musamman lokacin farawa, tsayawa ko tsaftacewa, saurin dumama da sanyaya dole ne a hankali; bai dace da amfani da kayan aikin matsa lamba ba.
Ana iya sanya shi cikin daban-daban lalata-resistant centrifugal farashinsa, Nessler injin famfo, zakara, bawuloli, musamman-dimbin yawa bututu da bututu gidajen abinci, bututu, venturi makamai, cyclone separators, denitrification hasumiyai da bleaching hasumiyai, taro tanda da pre-washing inji. da dai sauransu. A cikin samar da sinadarin nitric acid, yawan zafin jiki na nitric acid ya kai 115 zuwa 170 ° C idan aka yi amfani da shi azaman ginshiƙin tsiri. Tushen nitric acid centrifugal famfo yana sarrafa nitric acid tare da maida hankali har zuwa 98%. Ana amfani da shi azaman mai musayar zafi da hasumiya mai cike da gauraya acid na sulfuric acid da nitric acid, kuma yana cikin yanayi mai kyau. Dumama tanderu ga fetur a refining samar, acetic anhydride distillation hasumiyai da benzene distillation hasumiyai don triacetate cellulose samar, acid farashinsa ga glacial acetic acid samar da ruwa sulfuric acid samar, kazalika da daban-daban acid ko gishiri bayani farashinsa da zakara, da dai sauransu. duk ana amfani da su a aikace-aikace masu inganci. Silicon jefa baƙin ƙarfe.
Babban siliki siliki simintin simintin ƙarfe (GT gami) yana da juriya ga lalatawar alkali da sulfuric acid, amma ba ga lalata nitric acid ba. Yana da mafi kyawun juriya na alkali fiye da simintin simintin aluminum da juriya mai girma. Ana iya amfani da shi a cikin famfo, injina da bushings waɗanda suke da lalata sosai kuma suna fuskantar lalacewa.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-30-2024
