Gabatarwa
Yin simintin gyare-gyare ita ce fasahar sarrafa zafin jiki ta farko da mutane suka ƙware, tana da tarihin kusan shekaru 6,000. Kasar Sin ta shiga zamanin da ake yin wasan kwaikwayo na tagulla a tsakanin kimanin shekara ta 1700 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, zuwa shekara ta 1000 BC, kuma fasahar fasaharta ta kai wani matsayi mai girma. Abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su na iya zama yashi, karfe ko ma yumbu. Dangane da buƙatun, hanyoyin da ake amfani da su za su bambanta. Menene halayen kowane tsarin simintin gyare-gyare? Wane irin samfurori ne suka dace da shi?
1. Yashi
Kayan simintin gyare-gyare: abubuwa daban-daban
Simintin ingancin: dubun gram zuwa dubun ton, ɗaruruwan ton
Simintin gyaran fuska: mara kyau
Tsarin simintin gyare-gyare: mai sauƙi
Farashin samarwa: ƙananan
Iyakar aikace-aikace: Hanyoyin simintin da aka fi amfani da su. Gyaran hannu ya dace da guda ɗaya, ƙananan batches da manyan simintin gyare-gyare tare da sifofi masu rikitarwa waɗanda ke da wuya a yi amfani da na'ura mai gyare-gyare. Tsarin na'ura ya dace da matsakaici da ƙananan simintin gyare-gyaren da aka samar a cikin batches.
Halayen tsari: Manual yin tallan kayan kawa: sassauƙa da sauƙi, amma yana da ƙarancin samar da ingantaccen aiki, ƙarfin aiki mai girma, da ƙarancin daidaito da ingancin saman. Samfuran na'ura: daidaiton girman girman girma da ingancin saman, amma babban saka hannun jari.
Taƙaitaccen bayanin: Yashi simintin gyare-gyare shine tsarin simintin da aka fi amfani dashi a masana'antar kafa a yau. Ya dace da kayan daban-daban. Za a iya jefa ƙurar ƙura da ƙura da ƙura da ƙera yashi. Yana iya samar da simintin gyare-gyare daga dubun giram zuwa dubun ton da girma. Rashin lahani na simintin yashi shine cewa zai iya samar da simintin gyare-gyare tare da sassauƙan tsari. Babban fa'idar simintin yashi shine: ƙarancin samarwa. Koyaya, dangane da ƙarewar ƙasa, simintin ƙarfe, da yawa na ciki, yana da ɗan ƙaranci. Dangane da ƙirar ƙira, yana iya zama nau'in hannu ko na inji. Gyaran hannu ya dace da guda ɗaya, ƙananan batches da manyan simintin gyare-gyare tare da sifofi masu rikitarwa waɗanda ke da wuya a yi amfani da na'ura mai gyare-gyare. Samfuran na'ura na iya haɓaka daidaiton saman da daidaiton girma, amma jarin yana da girma.
2. Zuba jari
Kayan simintin gyare-gyare: simintin ƙarfe da gawa mara ƙarfe
Kyakkyawan simintin gyare-gyare: gram da yawa zuwa kilogiram da yawa
Simintin simintin gyaran fuska: mai kyau sosai
Tsarin simintin gyare-gyare: kowane rikitarwa
Kudin samarwa: Lokacin da ake samarwa da yawa, yana da arha fiye da samar da injin gaba daya.
Iyakar aikace-aikace: Batches iri-iri na ƙanana da hadaddun simintin gyare-gyare na simintin ƙarfe na simintin ƙarfe da manyan ma'aunin narkewa, musamman dacewa don yin zane-zane da ingantattun sassa na inji.
Halayen tsari: daidaiton girman girman, ƙasa mai santsi, amma ƙarancin samarwa.
Taƙaitaccen bayanin: Tsarin zuba jari ya samo asali ne a baya. A cikin ƙasarmu, an yi amfani da tsarin zuba jari a cikin samar da kayan ado ga masu daraja a lokacin bazara da kaka. Simintin saka hannun jari gabaɗaya sun fi rikitarwa kuma basu dace da manyan simintin gyare-gyare ba. Tsarin yana da rikitarwa kuma yana da wuyar sarrafawa, kuma kayan da ake amfani da su da cinyewa suna da tsada. Sabili da haka, ya dace don samar da ƙananan sassa tare da sifofi masu rikitarwa, madaidaicin buƙatun, ko da wuya a yi wasu aiki, irin su injin turbine.
3. Rasa kumfa
Kayan simintin gyare-gyare: abubuwa daban-daban
Yawan simintin gyare-gyare: gram da yawa zuwa ton da yawa
Simintin gyaran fuska ingancin: mai kyau
Tsarin simintin gyare-gyare: ƙarin hadaddun
Farashin samarwa: ƙananan
Iyakar aikace-aikacen: ƙarin hadaddun simintin gyaran fuska iri-iri a cikin batches daban-daban.
Halayen tsari: Daidaiton girman simintin gyare-gyare yana da girma, yancin ƙira na simintin gyare-gyare yana da girma, kuma tsarin yana da sauƙi, amma konewar ƙirar yana da wasu tasirin muhalli.
Taƙaitaccen bayanin: Simintin kumfa da ya ɓace shine haɗawa da haɗa nau'ikan paraffin ko kumfa mai kama da girman da siffa zuwa simintin gyare-gyare zuwa gungu samfurin. Bayan gogewa da fenti da bushewa, ana binne su a busassun yashi ma'adini kuma ana girgiza su don siffa, kuma a zuba su a ƙarƙashin mummunan matsi don yin tari. Sabuwar hanyar yin simintin gyare-gyaren da ƙirar ke yin tururi, ƙarfen ruwa ya mamaye matsayin ƙirar, kuma yana ƙarfafawa da sanyaya don samar da simintin. Bataccen simintin kumfa sabon tsari ne wanda kusan babu iyaka da ingantaccen gyare-gyare. Wannan tsari baya buƙatar ɗaukar mold, babu rabuwar ƙasa, kuma babu ainihin yashi. Saboda haka, simintin gyare-gyaren ba shi da walƙiya, burrs, da daftarin gangara, kuma yana rage yawan lahani na ƙirar ƙira. Kurakurai masu girma da yawa da ke haifar da haɗuwa.
Hanyoyi goma sha ɗaya na sama suna da halayen tsari daban-daban. A cikin samar da simintin gyare-gyare, ya kamata a zaɓi hanyoyin yin simintin madaidaicin don yin simintin gyare-gyare daban-daban. A gaskiya ma, yana da wuya a ce tsarin simintin ƙera mai wahala yana da cikakkiyar fa'ida. A cikin samarwa, kowa da kowa yana zaɓar tsarin da ya dace da kuma hanyar aiki tare da ƙananan farashi.
4. Centrifugal simintin gyaran kafa
Abubuwan simintin gyare-gyare: ƙarfe mai launin toka, baƙin ƙarfe ductile
Ingancin simintin gyare-gyare: dubun kilogiram zuwa tan da yawa
Simintin gyaran fuska ingancin: mai kyau
Tsarin simintin gyare-gyare: gabaɗaya simintin gyaran kafa
Farashin samarwa: ƙananan
Iyakar aikace-aikacen: ƙananan zuwa manyan batches na jujjuyawar simintin jiki da kayan aikin bututu na diamita daban-daban.
Fasalolin tsari: Simintin gyare-gyare suna da daidaito mai girman girma, ƙasa mai santsi, tsari mai yawa, da ingantaccen samarwa.
Taƙaitaccen bayanin: Simintin simintin gyare-gyare (simintin centrifugal) yana nufin hanyar simintin simintin simintin gyare-gyaren da ake zuba karfen ruwa a cikin wani nau'i mai jujjuyawar, cike da ƙarfafawa a cikin simintin gyare-gyare a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin centrifugal. Na'urar da aka yi amfani da ita don yin simintin simintin gyare-gyare ana kiranta na'urar simintin gyare-gyaren centrifugal.
[Gabatarwa] Ƙimar farko ta simintin centrifugal ta Biritaniya Erchardt ce ta gabatar da ita a cikin 1809. Sai a farkon ƙarni na ashirin da sannu a hankali aka karɓi wannan hanyar a samarwa. A cikin 1930s, ƙasarmu kuma ta fara amfani da bututu na centrifugal da simintin silinda kamar bututun ƙarfe, hannayen jan ƙarfe, silinda na silinda, hannun rigar ƙarfe mai goyan bayan ƙarfe bimetallic, da dai sauransu. Simintin centrifugal kusan wata babbar hanya ce; Bugu da kari, a cikin zafi-resistant karfe rollers, wasu musamman karfe sumul tube blanks, takarda inji bushewa ganguna da sauran samar yankunan, da centrifugal simintin hanya kuma amfani da sosai yadda ya kamata. A halin yanzu, an samar da injunan simintin simintin gyare-gyare na centrifugal masu sarrafa gaske, kuma an gina wani taron bita na simintin bututun da aka samar.
5. Ƙarƙashin simintin gyare-gyare
Abubuwan simintin gyare-gyare: gami da mara ƙarfe
Simintin ingancin: dubun grams zuwa dubun kilogiram
Simintin gyaran fuska ingancin: mai kyau
Tsarin simintin gyare-gyare: hadaddun (akwai tushen yashi)
Farashin samarwa: Farashin samar da nau'in karfe yana da yawa
Iyakar aikace-aikacen: ƙananan batches, zai fi dacewa manyan batches na manyan simintin ƙarfe ba na ƙarfe ba, kuma suna iya samar da simintin simintin gyare-gyare.
Halayen tsari: Tsarin simintin gyare-gyare yana da yawa, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da girma, kayan aiki yana da sauƙi, kuma ana iya amfani da nau'ikan simintin gyare-gyare daban-daban, amma yawan aiki yana da ƙasa kaɗan.
Taƙaitaccen bayanin: Simintin ƙaramar matsi hanya ce ta simintin simintin wanda ƙarfen ruwa ya cika ƙaƙƙarfan simintin gyare-gyaren kuma yana ƙarfafawa zuwa cikin simintin ƙaramar iskar gas. Tun da farko an yi amfani da simintin ƙaramin ƙarfi don samar da simintin gyare-gyare na aluminum, daga baya kuma an ƙara fadada amfani da shi don samar da simintin tagulla, simintin ƙarfe da simintin ƙarfe tare da manyan wuraren narkewa.
6. Simintin matsi
Simintin gyare-gyare: aluminum gami, magnesium gami
Simintin gyare-gyare: gram da yawa zuwa dubun kilogiram
Simintin gyaran fuska ingancin: mai kyau
Tsarin simintin gyare-gyare: hadaddun (akwai tushen yashi)
Farashin samarwa: Injin simintin kashe-kashe da gyare-gyare suna da tsada don yin
Iyakar aikace-aikacen: Yawan samarwa na ƙananan simintin ƙarfe da matsakaita daban-daban waɗanda ba na ƙarfe ba, simintin simintin bango, da simintin gyare-gyaren matsi.
Halayen tsari: Simintin gyare-gyare suna da daidaito mai girma, santsi mai santsi, tsari mai yawa, ingantaccen samarwa, da ƙarancin farashi, amma farashin injunan simintin simintin gyare-gyare da ƙira yana da yawa.
Taƙaitaccen bayanin: Simintin gyare-gyare yana da manyan halaye guda biyu: babban matsa lamba da babban saurin cikon simintin simintin gyare-gyare. Matsakaicin ƙayyadaddun allurar da aka saba amfani da shi shine daga dubu da yawa zuwa dubun dubatan kPa, ko ma sama da 2 × 105kPa. Matsakaicin saurin yana kusan 10 ~ 50m / s, kuma wani lokacin yana iya kaiwa sama da 100m / s. Lokacin cikawa ɗan gajeren lokaci ne, gabaɗaya a cikin kewayon 0.01 ~ 0.2s. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin yin simintin gyare-gyare, mutun simintin yana da fa'idodi guda uku masu zuwa: ingancin samfur mai kyau, daidaiton girman girman simintin, gabaɗaya daidai da matakin 6 zuwa 7, ko ma har zuwa matakin 4; kyakkyawan ƙarewar farfajiya, gabaɗaya daidai da matakin 5 zuwa 8; ƙarfi Yana da tauri mafi girma, kuma ƙarfinsa gabaɗaya yana da 25% zuwa 30% sama da na simintin yashi, amma tsayinsa yana raguwa da kusan 70%; yana da tsayin daka mai tsayi kuma yana da kyau musanyawa; yana iya kashe simintin simintin simintin-bangare da sarƙaƙƙiya. Misali, mafi ƙarancin kauri na bango na yanzu na sassan simintin simintin ƙarfe na zinc na iya kaiwa 0.3mm; ƙaramin kauri na bangon simintin allo na aluminum zai iya kaiwa 0.5mm; ƙaramin diamita na simintin gyare-gyare shine 0.7mm; kuma mafi ƙarancin farar zaren shine 0.75mm.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-18-2024
