Matsayin abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su a cikin baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka
1.Carbon da Silicon: Carbon da silicon abubuwa ne da ke ƙarfafa graphitization mai ƙarfi. Ana iya amfani da makamancin carbon don kwatanta tasirinsu akan tsarin ƙarfe da kayan aikin ƙarfe na simintin toka. Ƙara daidai da carbon yana haifar da ɓangarorin graphite su zama m, haɓaka lamba, da raguwa cikin ƙarfi da taurin. Akasin haka, rage madaidaicin carbon zai iya rage adadin graphites, tace graphite, da kuma ƙara adadin farko austenite dendrites, ta haka inganta injiniyoyin ƙarfe na simintin toka. Koyaya, rage kwatankwacin carbon zai haifar da raguwar aikin simintin.
2.Manganese: Manganese shi kansa wani sinadari ne wanda ke daidaita carbides kuma yana hana graphitization. Yana da tasirin daidaitawa da tace pearlite a cikin baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka. A cikin kewayon Mn = 0.5% zuwa 1.0%, ƙara yawan manganese yana da amfani don inganta ƙarfi da taurin.
3.Phosphorus: Lokacin da abun ciki na phosphorus a cikin simintin ƙarfe ya wuce 0.02%, intergranular phosphorus eutectic na iya faruwa. Solubility na phosphorus a cikin austenite kadan ne. Lokacin da simintin simintin gyare-gyaren ya karu, phosphorous ya kasance a cikin ruwa. Lokacin da eutectic solidification ya kusan kammala, sauran ruwa lokaci abun da ke ciki tsakanin eutectic kungiyoyin yana kusa da ternary eutectic abun da ke ciki (Fe-2%, C-7%, P). Wannan lokaci na ruwa yana ƙarfafawa a kusan 955 ℃. Lokacin da simintin ƙarfe ya ƙarfafa, molybdenum, chromium, tungsten da vanadium duk an ware su a cikin yanayin ruwa mai wadatar phosphorus, yana ƙara yawan adadin eutectic na phosphorus. Lokacin da abun ciki na phosphorus a cikin simintin ƙarfe ya yi yawa, baya ga illar cutarwa ta phosphorus eutectic kanta, zai kuma rage abubuwan haɗakar da ke cikin matrix ɗin ƙarfe, ta yadda za a raunana tasirin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Ruwan eutectic na phosphorus yana da mushy a kusa da ƙungiyar eutectic wanda ke ƙarfafawa kuma yana girma, kuma yana da wuya a sake cikawa yayin ƙarfafawar ƙarfafawa, kuma simintin yana da mafi girman hali na raguwa.
4.Sulfur: Yana rage ruwa narkakkar baƙin ƙarfe kuma yana ƙara haɓakar simintin gyare-gyare don tsattsage zafi. Abu ne mai cutarwa a cikin simintin gyare-gyare. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa suna tunanin cewa ƙananan sulfur abun ciki, mafi kyau. A gaskiya ma, lokacin da abun ciki na sulfur ya kasance ≤0.05%, irin wannan simintin ƙarfe ba ya aiki ga inoculant na yau da kullum da muke amfani da shi. Dalili kuwa shi ne cewa allurar tana raguwa da sauri, kuma fararen tabo suna bayyana a cikin simintin gyare-gyare.
5.Copper: Copper shi ne mafi yawan ƙara alloying kashi wajen samar da launin toka simintin gyaran kafa. Babban dalilin shi ne jan karfe yana da ƙarancin narkewa (1083 ℃), yana da sauƙin narkewa, kuma yana da tasiri mai kyau. Ƙarfin graphitization na jan karfe yana da kusan 1/5 na na silicon, don haka zai iya rage halayen simintin ƙarfe don samun farin simintin. A lokaci guda kuma, jan ƙarfe na iya rage mahimmin zafin jiki na canjin austenite. Don haka, jan ƙarfe na iya haɓaka samuwar pearlite, ƙara abun ciki na pearlite, da tace pearlite da ƙarfafa pearlite da ferrite a cikinta, ta haka ƙara tauri da ƙarfin simintin ƙarfe. Duk da haka, mafi girman adadin jan karfe, mafi kyau. Adadin da ya dace na jan ƙarfe shine 0.2% zuwa 0.4%. Lokacin ƙara babban adadin jan karfe, ƙara tin da chromium a lokaci guda yana cutar da aikin yankewa. Zai haifar da babban adadin tsarin sorbite da za a samar a cikin tsarin matrix.
6.Chromium: Tasirin hada sinadarin chromium yana da karfi sosai, musamman saboda kara sinadarin chromium yana kara karfin narkakkar karfe don samun farin simintin simintin, kuma yin simintin yana da saukin raguwa, yana haifar da sharar gida. Saboda haka, ya kamata a sarrafa adadin chromium. A gefe guda, ana fatan cewa narkakkar baƙin ƙarfe ya ƙunshi wani adadin chromium don inganta ƙarfi da taurin simintin; a daya bangaren, chromium ana sarrafa shi sosai a ƙananan iyaka don hana simintin gyare-gyare daga raguwa da haifar da karuwa a cikin raguwa. Kwarewar al'ada ta ɗauka cewa lokacin da abun ciki na chromium na narkakken ƙarfe na asali ya wuce 0.35%, zai yi mummunar tasiri akan simintin.
7. Molybdenum: Molybdenum wani nau'in sinadari ne na yau da kullun da ke samar da sinadari da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi pearlite. Yana iya tace graphite. Lokacin da ωMo<0.8%, molybdenum na iya tace pearlite da ƙarfafa ferrite a cikin pearlite, ta yadda za a inganta ƙarfi da taurin simintin ƙarfe.
Dole ne a lura da batutuwa da yawa a cikin baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka
1.Ƙara yawan zafi ko tsawaita lokacin riƙewa na iya sa abubuwan da ke cikin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) sun ɓace ko rage tasirin su, rage yawan ƙwayar austenite.
2.Titanium yana da tasirin tacewa na farko austenite a cikin baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka. Domin titanium carbides, nitrides, da carbonitrides na iya zama tushen tushen austenite nucleation. Titanium na iya ƙara ainihin ainihin austenite da tace hatsi austenite. A wani bangaren kuma, idan aka sami wuce gona da iri a cikin narkakken ƙarfe, S a cikin baƙin ƙarfe zai amsa da Ti maimakon Mn don samar da ƙwayoyin TiS. Jigon graphite na TiS ba shi da tasiri kamar na MnS. Saboda haka, samuwar eutectic graphite core yana jinkirta, don haka yana ƙara lokacin hazo na farko austenite. Vanadium, chromium, aluminum, da zirconium sun yi kama da titanium a cikin cewa suna da sauƙi don samar da carbides, nitrides, da carbonitrides, kuma suna iya zama nau'i na austenite.
3.Akwai manyan bambance-bambance a cikin tasirin inoculants daban-daban akan adadin eutectic clusters, waɗanda aka tsara a cikin tsari mai zuwa: CaSi> ZrFeSi> 75FeSi> BaSi> SrFeSi. FeSi mai ƙunshe da Sr ko Ti yana da rauni mai rauni akan adadin gungu na eutectic. Inoculants dauke da ƙananan ƙasa suna da mafi kyawun sakamako, kuma tasirin yana da mahimmanci idan aka haɗa su tare da Al da N. Ferrosilicon mai ɗauke da Al da Bi na iya ƙara yawan adadin eutectic clusters.
4. Hatsi na graphite-austenite biyu-lokaci symbiotic girma kafa tare da graphite nuclei kamar yadda cibiyar ake kira eutectic clusters. Submicroscopic graphite aggregates, saura unmelted graphite barbashi, primary graphite flake rassan, high narkewa batu mahadi da gas inclusions cewa wanzu a cikin narkakkar baƙin ƙarfe da kuma iya zama da muryoyin na eutectic graphite su ma da tsakiya na eutectic gungu. Tun da eutectic nucleus shine farkon haɓakar gungun eutectic, adadin eutectic clusters yana nuna adadin cores waɗanda zasu iya girma zuwa graphite a cikin ruwan ƙarfe na eutectic. Abubuwan da ke shafar adadin gungu na eutectic sun haɗa da haɗin sinadarai, ainihin yanayin narkakkar ƙarfe da ƙimar sanyaya.
Adadin carbon da silicon a cikin abun da ke cikin sinadarai yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci. Matsakaicin kusancin carbon ɗin shine ga abubuwan eutectic, ƙarin gungu na eutectic akwai. S wani muhimmin abu ne wanda ke shafar gungu na baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka. Ƙananan abun ciki na sulfur ba shi da amfani don haɓaka gungun eutectic, saboda sulfide a cikin narkakken ƙarfe abu ne mai mahimmanci na graphite core. Bugu da ƙari, sulfur na iya rage ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'in) narke). Lokacin da W (S) ya kasance ƙasa da 0.03%, adadin eutectic clusters yana raguwa sosai, kuma tasirin inoculation yana raguwa.
Lokacin da yawan adadin Mn ya kasance cikin kashi 2%, adadin Mn yana ƙaruwa, kuma adadin gungun eutectic yana ƙaruwa daidai da haka. Nb yana da sauƙi don samar da mahadi na carbon da nitrogen a cikin narkakken ƙarfe, wanda ke aiki azaman graphite core don ƙara gungun eutectic. Ti da V suna rage yawan gungun eutectic saboda vanadium yana rage yawan ƙwayar carbon; titanium cikin sauƙi yana ɗaukar S a cikin MnS da MgS don samar da titanium sulfide, kuma ikon ƙaddamarwarsa ba shi da tasiri kamar MnS da MgS. N a cikin narkakkar baƙin ƙarfe yana ƙara yawan gungun eutectic. Lokacin da abun ciki na N ya kasance ƙasa da 350 x10-6, ba a bayyane yake ba. Bayan ƙetare ƙayyadaddun ƙima, supercooling yana ƙaruwa, ta haka yana ƙara adadin gungun eutectic. Oxygen a cikin narkakkar ƙarfe cikin sauƙi yana samar da nau'ikan haɗaɗɗun oxide daban-daban azaman tsakiya, don haka yayin da iskar oxygen ke ƙaruwa, adadin gungun eutectic yana ƙaruwa. Baya ga abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadaran, ainihin yanayin narkewar eutectic muhimmin abu ne mai tasiri. Tsayawa yawan zafin jiki da zafi na dogon lokaci zai haifar da ainihin asali don ɓacewa ko raguwa, rage yawan gungun eutectic, da ƙara diamita. Maganin rigakafi na iya haɓaka ainihin jihar sosai kuma yana ƙara yawan gungu na eutectic. Matsakaicin sanyaya yana da tasiri a bayyane akan adadin gungun eutectic. Da sauri da sanyaya, da ƙarin eutectic gungu akwai.
5.Yawan eutectic clusters kai tsaye yana nuna kauri na hatsin eutectic. Gabaɗaya, ƙananan hatsi na iya inganta aikin ƙarfe. Ƙarƙashin tsarin sinadarai iri ɗaya da nau'in graphite, yayin da adadin eutectic clusters ya karu, ƙarfin ƙarfi yana ƙaruwa, saboda zanen graphite a cikin gungu na eutectic ya zama mafi kyau yayin da adadin eutectic clusters ya ƙaru, wanda ke ƙara ƙarfi. Koyaya, tare da haɓaka abun ciki na silicon, adadin ƙungiyoyin eutectic yana ƙaruwa sosai, amma ƙarfin yana raguwa maimakon; Ƙarfin simintin ƙarfe yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓakar zafin jiki mai zafi (zuwa 1500 ℃), amma a wannan lokacin, adadin ƙungiyoyin eutectic yana raguwa sosai. Dangantakar da ke tsakanin ka'idar canji na adadin ƙungiyoyin eutectic da ke haifar da maganin rigakafi na dogon lokaci da haɓaka ƙarfin ba koyaushe yana da yanayin iri ɗaya ba. Ƙarfin da aka samu ta hanyar inoculation magani tare da FeSi dauke da Si da Ba ya fi wanda aka samu tare da CaSi, amma adadin eutectic kungiyoyin na simintin ƙarfe ya fi na CaSi. Tare da karuwar adadin ƙungiyoyin eutectic, haɓakar haɓakar simintin ƙarfe yana ƙaruwa. Don hana samuwar raguwa a cikin ƙananan sassa, ya kamata a sarrafa adadin ƙungiyoyin eutectic a ƙasa 300 ~ 400 / cm2.
6. Ƙara abubuwan da aka haɗa (Cr, Mn, Mo, Mg, Ti, Ce, Sb) wanda ke inganta haɓakawa a cikin graphitized inoculants zai iya inganta matakin supercooling na simintin ƙarfe, tsaftace hatsi, ƙara yawan adadin austenite da inganta samuwar lu'u-lu'u. The kara surface aiki abubuwa (Te, Bi, 5b) za a iya adsorbed a saman graphite nuclei don iyakance graphite girma da kuma rage graphite size, don cimma manufar inganta m inji Properties, inganta uniformity, da kuma kara kungiya tsari. An yi amfani da wannan ƙa'idar a cikin aikin samar da ƙarfe na simintin ƙarfe (kamar sassan birki).
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-05-2024
