一, cikakkun bayanai biyar masu mahimmanci waɗanda ba a iya mantawa da su cikin sauƙi a cikin simintin kumfa
1. Matsi tsayin kai;
1) Don tabbatar da mafi girma da mafi nisa na simintin gyare-gyaren, da kuma samun simintin gyaran kafa tare da madaidaicin madaidaicin tsari da cikakken tsari, tsayin daka daga mafi girman wuri na simintin zuwa saman ruwa na kofin ruwan ya kamata ya hadu: hM≥Ltanα
Inda: hM--mafi girman ragowar matsatsin kai (mm)
L-- kwararar narkakkar karfe, nisan kwance na tsakiyar layin madaidaicin mai gudu a mafi nisa na simintin (mm)
α--matsa lamba (°)
Isasshen tsayin kai, lokacin da narkakken ƙarfen da ke cikin rami ya tashi, ana samun isasshen matsi don tabbatar da saurin cika narkakken ƙarfen.
2) Tsarin kumfa yana vaporized yayin aikin zubar da ruwa, yana haifar da adadin iskar gas. A gefe guda kuma, iskar gas ɗin yana tsotsewa da matsi mara kyau, na biyu kuma, ana matse shi daga cikin rami da narkakken ƙarfe da ya tashi tare da isasshen matsi.
3) Lalacewar kamar rufewar sanyi, pores, da ajiyar carbon da aka haifar a ɓangaren sama na simintin gabaɗaya ana haifar da su ta hanyar rashin isasshen tsayin kai a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya dace wurin zubar da ruwa, zub da zafin jiki da hanyar zubowa.
2. Matsi mara kyau;
1) Ana shigar da ma'auni na ma'auni na yau da kullum a kan babban bututun, wanda zai iya ƙayyade matsi mara kyau a cikin akwatin kawai a kaikaice, amma ba zai iya wakiltar ainihin ƙimar matsa lamba a cikin akwatin ba.
2) Saboda bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin simintin, wasu simintin gyare-gyare suna da kunkuntar wurare a cikin rami na ciki. A lokacin aikin zubar da ruwa, saboda raguwar matsin lamba ko rashin isasshen matsa lamba, matsa lamba mara kyau a cikin wannan ɓangaren zai zama ƙasa kaɗan, wanda zai haifar da ƙarancin ƙwayar yashi, nakasawa da fashewar simintin gyare-gyare, da lahani kamar yashi mai nannade da ƙarfe, fadada akwatin, da rushewar akwati. Wadannan wurare ne wuraren makafi mara kyau.
3) A lokacin zubar da ruwa, saboda aikin da ba daidai ba, fim din filastik da ke rufe akwatin akwatin yana ƙonewa a kan babban yanki, kuma an haifar da babban adadin matsa lamba saboda rashin rufewa, wanda ya haifar da mummunar rashin ƙarfi a cikin akwatin. har ma da fesa baya yayin zubowa, yana haifar da rufewar sanyi, rashin isasshen zubewa da lahani a cikin simintin. Akwati ɗaya yana da magudanar ruwa da yawa, kuma jaka ɗaya yana da kwalaye masu yawa don zubowa, wanda a bayyane yake.
Takamaiman matakan:
A. Shigar da bututu mara kyau na wucin gadi; pre-cika guduro yashi; maye gurbin yashi core.
B. Kaurin murfin yashi ya isa; Ana gudanar da magani kafin a kusa da kofin zuba, kamar rigar asbestos, yashi guduro, da dai sauransu; mummunan matsa lamba na akwatin yashi da aka zuba a baya an rage ko rufe; Ana kunna famfo injin jiran aiki na biyu.
3.Hana kazanta;
A lokacin da ake aikin zubar da ruwa, ƙazanta irin su ɓangarorin yashi, ash foda, da sauransu a wajen rami ana nitsewa a cikin rami tare da narkakken ƙarfe, kuma lahani kamar ramukan yashi da ramukan tulle za su bayyana a cikin simintin.
1) Ƙarfafawa, ƙarfi da yawa daga cikin abubuwan da aka lalata na ruɓaɓɓen ladle na baƙin ƙarfe ba su da yawa. Yayin da ake zubawa, sai ya lalace kuma a narke shi da narkakkar ƙarfe mai zafi mai zafi, sa'an nan kuma ya yi ta yin shawagi a sama; sak-sakkun tarin granular ƙwanƙwasa sun faɗi ko narkakken ƙarfe ana wanke su.
2) Ba a tsaftace kullun da ke rataye a kan tsohuwar ledar; da yawa da refractoriness na kayan don gyaran gyare-gyare ba su da yawa, kuma haɗin kai tare da suturar asali ba ta da ƙarfi.
3) Maganin cirewa da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ba su da tasiri, kuma akwai daɗaɗɗen tarwatsawa da kuma rabe a saman narkakken ƙarfe.
4) Lokacin da ake zuba duckbill ladle, an dakatar da auduga a cikin iska kuma ya rasa aikin sa.
5) Misalignment yayin zubawa, narkakkar ƙarfe yana yin tasiri a saman yashi, kuma yashi ya fantsama cikin kofin zubowa.
6) Najasa irin su kura, yashi, da datti suna wanzuwa a cikin inoculant.
Takamaiman matakan:
A. Kunna tare da simintin gyare-gyare masu tsayin zafi da amfani da kayan gyara na musamman don gyaran gida.
B. Yi amfani da ingantaccen kawar da slag da wakili na tarawa.
C. Kofin da ake zubawa ya fi 50mm sama da yashi, kuma kofunan da za a zuba kusa da su an rufe su da murfin kariya. Ga masu zubawa marasa gwaninta, ana amfani da rigar asbestos a kusa da ƙoƙon da ake zubawa don kare shi.
D. Koyarwa da horar da masu aiki akan ƙwarewa da karatu.
E. Sanya tacewa, ba da fifiko ga zubar da ƙasa, kuma tsarin zubar da ruwa yana da aikin rufewa.
F. Ana siyan inoculant a wurin da aka keɓe kuma an adana shi da kyau.
4. Zuba zafin jiki;
Dangane da halayen narkakken ƙarfe da sifofin simintin simintin gyare-gyare, an ƙaddara mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki don tabbatar da cewa tsarin simintin ya cika, gefuna da sasanninta sun bayyana, kuma babu wani lahani na rufe sanyi a cikin bangon bakin ciki.
Lokacin da aka zuba buhun narkakkar ƙarfe a cikin akwatuna da yawa da kuma guntu-guntu da yawa a cikin akwati ɗaya, tasirin sanyaya narkakken ƙarfe a mataki na gaba yana da matuƙar mahimmanci.
1) Yi amfani da jakar rufewa, gabaɗaya ƙara ƙirar rufi tsakanin harsashi na ƙarfe da Layer refractory;
2) Rufe saman narkakkar jakar baƙin ƙarfe tare da wakili mai ɓoyewa, slag da wakili mai haɗakarwa;
3) Babban iyaka na yawan zafin jiki na zubowa za a iya haɓaka daidai ba tare da shafar kayan aiki ba, an gamsu da refractoriness na ƙirar ƙirar ƙira, kuma babu wasu lahani na simintin. Alal misali, da mota gidaje: tanderun zafin jiki ne 1630-1650 ℃, da kuma zub da zazzabi ne 1470-1580 ℃;
4) Idan aka bar ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfe na narkakkar a ƙarshe kuma zafin jiki ya yi ƙasa kaɗan, sai a mayar da shi cikin tanderun don magani, ko kuma a ci gaba da dannawa a zuba;
5) Ana zuba guda da yawa a cikin jerin;
6) Canja zuwa yawan bugun ƙananan jaka;
7) A rage lokacin aikin zubawa, ana shirya ƙoƙon ƙoƙon akai-akai, kuma ma'aikacin zuba da ma'aikacin crane sun ƙware kuma suna da mafi kyawun haɗin gwiwa.
5. Zuba muhalli.
A cikin tsarin samar da simintin gyare-gyare, akwai wata magana cewa "30% yin samfuri da 70% zubawa", wanda ke nuna mahimmancin zuba jari a samar da simintin.
Kwarewar aiki na ma'aikacin zuba jari yana da matukar mahimmanci, amma ba zai yiwu ba kowa ya zama "mai siyar da mai". Ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau na zuƙowa yana da sauƙin yi gabaɗaya.
1) Tsayin tsayin bakin ladle daga saman jirgin sama na ƙoƙon zuƙowa shine ≤300mm, kuma nisa a kwance tsakanin bakin ladle da layin tsakiyar kofin ≤300mm;
2) A yi amfani da ledar duckbill, kuma kada baki ya yi tsayi da yawa. [Rage saurin narkakkar ƙarfe na farko yana barin bakin ladle kuma ya rage nisan kwance;
3) Lokacin zayyana tsari da tattarawa, ya kamata a sanya ƙoƙon zubar da kusa da gefen simintin yashi kamar yadda zai yiwu, tare da matsakaicin layuka biyu;
4) Kofin zuba nau'in akwatin ko ƙarin kofin baya na mazurari;
5) Injin zubawa ta atomatik. Ladle ɗin yana kusa da akwatin yashi, kuma bakin ladle yana kusa da ƙoƙon zuƙowa a duka a kwance da kuma a tsaye, don haka yana da sauƙin samun daidaitaccen matsayi. Ana amfani da trolley da gyare-gyare na ɗagawa na crane na sama a tsakiya, kuma ladle ɗin yana da inganci, kuma ba shi da sauƙi don karya kwarara ko al'amuran manya da ƙanana;
6) Ladle na teapot ba zai iya zama kusa da akwatin yashi ba; ma'aikacin zubewa yana da nisa kuma ba shi da sauƙi a sami wurin da ya dace. An sanya akwatin yashi a cikin layuka da yawa. Lokacin da ake zuba tsaka-tsaki, bakin ladle ya yi tsayi da yawa daga ƙoƙon da ake zubawa, kuma nisa a kwance yana da nisa, wanda ke da wuyar sarrafawa.
二, Ductile baƙin ƙarfe bawul jiki tsari zane da kuma bincike
1. Siffofin tsari da halayen simintin gyare-gyare;
1) Halaye: bawul jiki, abu QT450-10, naúrar nauyi 50Kg, shaci size 320 × 650 × 60mm;
2) Siffar fasali: bango mai kauri 60mm, bangon bakin ciki 10mm, rami na ciki hanya ce ta madauwari;
3) Abubuwan buƙatu na musamman: babu lahani na iska akan bangon da ke kewaye da hanyar iska, babu lahani kamar ramukan yashi, pores, shrinkage, da sauransu akan sauran abubuwan da aka sarrafa.
2.Comparison da bincike na tsarin tsarin tsarin gating guda biyu;
Tsari 1,
1) Sanya a tsaye, guda biyu a cikin kwano ɗaya, alluran gefe biyu yadudduka, an cika ƙasa da yawa, babban ɓangaren kuma yana raguwa - rama;
2) Hanyar iska shine tushen yashi mai rufi, wanda aka rufa shi da fenti mai tushen ruwa mai kumfa, kuma kauri mai kauri shine 1mm;
3) Wuyan hawan yana da gajere, lebur kuma sirara, tare da girman 12 lokacin farin ciki × 50 fadi. Matsayi: nesa da wuri mai zafi amma kusa da wurin zafi;
4) Girman Riser: 70 × 80 × 150mm tsayi;
5) Yanayin zafin jiki: 1470～1510 ℃.
Tsari 2,
1) Sanya a tsaye, guda biyu a cikin simintin gyare-gyare ɗaya, yadudduka biyu na simintin gefe, an cika ƙasa da yawa, kuma babban ɓangaren yana raguwa - rama;
2) Hanyar iska ta kasance mai rufin yashi mai rufi, kuma an yi amfani da ruwan kumfa da aka rasa a waje, tare da kauri na 1mm;
3) Ƙaƙƙarfan wuyansa yana da kauri da girma, tare da girma: kauri 15 × nisa 50. Matsayi: sanya shi a saman kumburin zafi na geometric;
4) Girman Riser: 80 × 80 × tsayi 160;
5) Zuba zafin jiki: 1470～1510 ℃.
3. Sakamakon gwaji;
Tsari na 1, na ciki da na waje adadin tarkace 80%;
Akwai ramukan raguwa 10% a kusa da tushen wuyan hawan wasu simintin gyaran kafa;
Bayan kammala simintin gyare-gyaren, yawancin simintin gyare-gyare suna da ramukan raguwa da lahani a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren.
Tsarin 2, na ciki da na waje 20% tarkace;
Wasu simintin gyaran kafa suna da ramukan raguwa 10% a kusa da tushen wuyan tashi;
Bayan an sarrafa simintin gyare-gyare, babu ramukan raguwa da lahani, amma akwai ƙaramin adadin abubuwan da aka haɗa.
4.Simulation analysis;
A cikin zaɓi na 1, akwai haɗarin raguwa a tushen da ƙananan ɓangaren wuyansa; Sakamakon kwaikwayo ya yi daidai da ainihin lahani na simintin gyaran kafa.
A cikin tsari na biyu, akwai haɗarin raguwa a tushen wuyan hawan hawan, kuma sakamakon simintin ya yi daidai da ainihin lahani na simintin gyaran kafa.
5. Tsarin haɓakawa da bincike na tsari.
1) Ingantaccen tsari:
Akwai raguwa a tushen hawan, wanda ke nuna cewa ƙarfin zafi na hawan yana da ƙananan ƙananan. Dangane da makirci na 2, mai tashi da wuyan wuyansa suna girma da kyau.
Girman asali: riser 80 × 80 × tsawo 160 hawan wuyansa 15 × 50;
Bayan haɓakawa: riser 80 × 90 × tsawo 170 hawan wuyansa 20 × 60;
Sakamako na tabbatarwa: an kawar da raguwa da lahani, kuma ƙima na ciki da na waje sun kasance ≤5%.
2) Binciken tsari:
Sanya manyan jirage biyu a gefe, kuma ku jefa guda biyu a jere. Yankin tsinkaya a tsaye shine mafi ƙanƙanta, kuma babban jirgin yana kan facade, wanda ke da amfani don rage fitar da iskar gas nan take; kuma mafi yawan mahimman wuraren sarrafawa suna gefe.
Simintin gyare-gyare na gefe biyu, tsarin simintin buɗaɗɗen. Mai tseren gicciye na sama yana karkata zuwa sama, kuma wurin da ke ƙasa ya fi mai gudu madaidaici girma, ta yadda za a fara yi wa narkakken ƙarfen allura daga ƙasa, wanda zai taimaka wajen haɓakar narkakkar ƙarfen. Kumfa yana vaporizes Layer ta Layer, kuma an rufe inrate da sauri. Iska da slag ba za su iya shiga cikin rami ba, guje wa lahani na carbon da haɗaɗɗen slag.
Lokacin da narkakkar baƙin ƙarfe ya tashi zuwa tsayin tushen hawan sama, yawancin baƙin ƙarfe mai zafi yana fara shiga cikin rami ta wurin hawan. Mai hawan yana da zafi sosai kuma yana kusantar hawan mai zafi, ba mai zafi sosai ba, saboda rami yana buƙatar ƙara ɗan ɗanɗano narkakken ƙarfe ta cikin ingar ƙasa, don haka ƙarar mai hawan ya fi na mai zafi girma. cewa yana ƙarfafa ƙarshe.
Mai tseren da ke haɗa mai gudu madaidaiciya na sama zuwa mai tashi dole ne a riƙa shi da wuyan tashi. Idan ya fi girma, ƙananan ɓangaren mai hawan duk baƙin ƙarfe ne narkakken sanyi, haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar ramuwa yana raguwa sosai, kuma rufewar sanyi da lahani na carbon za su bayyana a ɓangaren sama na simintin, wanda aka tabbatar a aikace.
Tare da rufaffiyar tsarin zubewa, narkakkar ƙarfen yana tashi zuwa wani tsayi, kuma narkakkar ƙarfen yana shiga cikin rami daga mashigin ruwa na sama da na ƙasa a lokaci guda. A wannan lokacin, mai tashi ya zama mai tashi mai zafi, kuma tsayin giciye mai gudu yana haɗa mai hawan yana da ɗan tasiri.
Tsarin zub da jini na buɗe ba shi da aikin slag, kuma dole ne a saita tacewa a mashigin ruwa na sama da na ƙasa.
Cibiyar hanyar iska tana kewaye da narkakken ƙarfe kuma yanayin yana da tsauri. Saboda haka, ainihin dole ne ya sami babban ƙarfi, refractoriness, da tarwatsewa. Ana amfani da ɗigon yashi mai rufi, kuma an lulluɓe saman tare da ɓataccen murfin kumfa. Kauri mai rufi shine 1 zuwa 1.5 mm.
Tattaunawar PS akan masu haɓaka ciyarwar abinci,
1) Wuyan hawan yana a ainihin yanayin kumburin zafi, kauri da yanki ba zai iya zama ƙanƙanta ba [modules ba zai iya zama ƙanƙanta ba], kuma mai gudu na ciki wanda ke haɗa hawan yana da lebur, sirara da tsayi. Mai tashi yana da girma.
2) Ƙaƙƙarfan wuyansa yana nesa da ainihin matsayi mai zafi, amma kusa da kumburi mai zafi, lebur, bakin ciki da gajere. Mai tashi karami ne.
Kaurin bangon simintin gyare-gyare yana da girma, don haka an zaɓi 1); kaurin bangon simintin gyare-gyare yana da ƙananan, don haka an zaɓi 2).
Tsarin 3 [Ba a gwada shi ba]
1) Allura daga sama, narkakkar ƙarfe yana shiga cikin rami ta wurin mai tashi, mai tashi mai zafi na gaske;
2) Masu tseren fulawa da masu tashi sun fi wuyan tashi sama;
3) Abũbuwan amfãni: sauƙi don ramawa don raguwa da sauƙi don cika mold;
4) Rashin hasara: Cikowar ƙarfe mara ƙarfi, mai sauƙin samar da lahani na carbon.
三, Batutuwa shida da ya kamata ƴan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa su kula da su
1) Cikakken fahimtar halayen tsarin, buƙatun fasaha da fasali na musamman na samfurin,
[Mafi ƙarancin kauri na bango, hanyar iska, aminci, babban matsin lamba, yayyo, yanayin amfani]
2) Bincika matsalolin da suke da wuyar faruwa a halin yanzu a cikin simintin simintin gyare-gyare da amfani da wannan samfur ko makamancin haka,
[Yawancin suna da sauƙi, amma suna ɓoye rikice-rikice]
3) Zaɓi hanyar yin simintin mafi kyau.
[Tsarin kumfa da aka rasa yana da sassa na aminci da yawa, yoyo, matsa lamba, da sauransu, waɗanda ba shine mafi kyawun mafita ba]
4) Don sababbin samfuran da aka kawo a cikin batches, ya zama dole don gayyatar ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun don nunawa, bita da jagora,
[Mutane sun fara buƙatar taimako lokacin da aka haife su]
5) Lokacin da nau'ikan tsarin simintin ya kasance masu rikitarwa, masu canzawa, kuma adadin ya yi ƙanƙanta, simintin simintin farko ya zama dole.
[Rage adadin gwaje-gwaje kuma a yi niyya]
6) Bari in tambaya: Mai fasaha yana da samfura da tsari iri ɗaya a cikin kamfanoni daban-daban, amma me yasa ingancin ya bambanta?
四, Nau'in Lamurra
1) Don motar ductile iron dabaran rage harsashi, mafi kyawun hanyar simintin gyare-gyaren shine a rufe ƙarfen ƙarfe da yashi. Abubuwan da ake samu shine 85%, kuma ƙimar juzu'i shine ≤5%. Ingancin yana da kwanciyar hankali kuma ingancin samarwa yana da girma; tsarin kumfa da aka rasa shine gazawa.
[Yana yiwuwa a gudanar da simintin gyare-gyare a cikin Amurka. Saboda ƙayyadaddun tsarin simintin gyare-gyare da buƙatun fasaha, ban da ramuwa na raguwar riser da matakan ƙarfe na sanyi na gida, jimlar saurin sanyaya simintin yana da matukar muhimmanci. ]
2) Ga daban-daban ductile baƙin ƙarfe brackets na motoci, da rasa kumfa tsari ba bu mai kyau. Duk wani lahani na simintin gyaran kafa a cikin simintin zai iya haifar da karaya yayin amfani. Idan 1% na lahani na carbon na ciki ya faru, za a yi da'awar da tara bayan haka, wanda zai sa ku rasa duk ƙoƙarin da kuka yi a baya kuma ku yi fatara. Yawan ƙananan sassa yana da girma, kuma 100% gano kuskure ba za a iya yi ba.
Don ma'aunin ma'auni na mota, kayan shine QT800-5, kuma tsarin kumfa da ya ɓace bai dace ba. Ko da simintin gyare-gyaren ba shi da lahani, graphite ɗin ba ta da ƙarfi saboda saurin sanyi na simintin, kuma maganin zafi na gaba ba shi da ƙarfi.
3) Girman gwangwani na aluminum shine 30mm a kauri na bango, 500mm a diamita na waje, da 1000mm a tsawo. Kwanin sharar nukiliya, babu lahani a cikin simintin gyaran kafa. Japan ta taɓa tambayar China, wacce aka fi sani da ikon yin simintin, ta sanya ta a farashi sau 10 fiye da farashin kasuwa. Bayan ƙungiyar hukumar wasan kwaikwayo ta ƙasa ta duba ta, ƙarshe shine "ba za ta iya ba".
[Dukkan narkewa da zubewa dole ne su kasance cikin yanayi mara kyau don tabbatar da inganci]
4) Wani katafaren kamfanin simintin kumfa na cikin gida da ya bata ya kashe makudan kudade wajen samar da kumfa na sassan karfen da ya bata. Ta nemi kungiyar masu yin wasan kwaikwayo ta kasa don jagora, amma ta kasa. Yanzu ya canza zuwa yashi yumbu da samar da layin matsin lamba.
5) Rufe goro yana da sauqi kuma yana buƙatar taɓa sassautawa. A baya, Japan ce kawai za ta iya kera su a duniya. Wasu suna da sauƙi, amma a zahiri suna da rikitarwa.
6) Don baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka, mahalli na mota, gado, benci na aiki, gidaje na gearbox, gidaje masu kama da sauran sassan akwatin, tsarin kumfa mai ɓacewa shine mafi kyawun tsari.
7) An fara ƙone kumfa mai ɓacewa sannan kuma a zuba, da kuma gyare-gyaren harsashi mara kyau, wanda ke kawo haske ga samar da bakin karfe da simintin ƙarfe na duplex tare da buƙatu na musamman don sassan aminci, zubar da ruwa, juriya mai tsayi, da dai sauransu.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-08-2024
