Abubuwan sinadaran yumbu yashi galibi Al2O3 da SiO2 ne, kuma lokacin ma'adinai na yashi yumbu shine galibi lokaci corundum da lokacin mullite, da kuma karamin adadin amorphous lokaci. Refractoriness na yumbu yashi gabaɗaya ya fi 1800C, kuma shi ne babban taurin aluminum-silicon refractory abu.
Halayen yashi yumbu
● High refractoriness;
● Ƙananan ƙididdiga na haɓakar thermal;
● High thermal conductivity;
● Kimanta siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar, girman girman girman , ƙusa mai laushi mai laushi;
● Filaye mai laushi, babu tsagewa, babu kumbura;
● Abubuwan tsaka-tsaki, dacewa da kayan ƙarfe daban-daban na simintin gyare-gyare;
Barbashi suna da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi kuma ba sa karyewa cikin sauƙi;
● The barbashi size kewayon ne m, da kuma hadawa za a iya musamman bisa ga tsari bukatun.
Aikace-aikacen Yashi na yumbu a cikin Injin Castings
1. Yi amfani da yashi yumbu don magance jijiya, yashi mai mannewa, karyewar cibiya da yashi core nakasar simintin silinda
● Toshe Silinda da kan Silinda sune mafi mahimmancin simintin gyaran injin
● Siffar rami na ciki yana da wuyar gaske, kuma abubuwan da ake buƙata don daidaiton girma da tsabtar rami na ciki suna da girma.
● Babban tsari
Don tabbatar da ingancin samarwa da ingancin samfurin,
● Yashi kore (yawanci layin salo na Hydrostatic) ana amfani da aikin samar da layin taro gabaɗaya.
● Yashi gabaɗaya suna amfani da akwatin sanyi da tsarin yashi mai rufi (harshen harsashi), kuma wasu sandunan yashi suna amfani da tsarin akwatin zafi.
● Saboda da hadadden siffar yashi core na Silinda block da kuma kai simintin gyare-gyare, wasu yashi cores da wani karamin giciye-section yanki, da thinnest part na wasu Silinda tubalan da Silinda shugaban ruwa jacket tsakiya ne kawai 3-3.5mm, da kuma bakin yashi yana da kunkuntar, ginshikin yashi bayan simintin yana kewaye da narkakken ƙarfe mai zafi na dogon lokaci, yana da wahala a tsaftace yashi, kuma ana buƙatar kayan aikin tsaftacewa na musamman, da dai sauransu. samarwa, wanda ya haifar da matsalolin jijiyoyin jini da yashi a cikin simintin simintin silinda da kan silinda. Matsalolin nakasassu da karyewar asali suna da yawa kuma suna da wahalar magancewa.
Domin magance irin wadannan matsalolin, tun daga shekara ta 2010, wasu sanannun kamfanoni masu yin simintin gyaran injuna na cikin gida, irin su FAW, Weichai, Shangchai, Shanxi Xinke, da dai sauransu, sun fara bincike da gwada amfani da yashin yumbu don samar da tubalan silinda. Silinda head jaket ɗin ruwa, da hanyoyin mai. Matsakaicin yashi daidai yake yana kawar da ko rage lahani kamar ramin rami na ciki, mannewa yashi, nakasar yashi, da karyewar murhu.
Ana yin hotuna masu biyo baya ta yashi yumbu tare da tsarin akwatin sanyi.
Tun daga nan, yumbu yashi gauraye yashi goge aka sannu a hankali ciyar a cikin sanyi akwatin da zafi tsarin tafiyar matakai, da kuma amfani da Silinda shugaban ruwa jaket cores. Ya kasance a cikin ingantaccen samarwa fiye da shekaru 6. A halin yanzu amfani da akwatin sanyi yashi core shine: bisa ga siffa da girman ginshiƙin yashi, adadin yashin yumbu da aka ƙara shine 30% -50%, jimlar adadin guduro da aka ƙara shine 1.2% -1.8%, kuma Ƙarfin ƙarfi shine 2.2-2.7 MPa. (Bayanan gwajin samfurin dakin gwaje-gwaje)
Takaitawa
Toshewar Silinda da sassan ƙarfe na simintin kai sun ƙunshi ƙunƙuntaccen tsarin rami na ciki, kuma yawan zafin jiki na zuƙowa yana tsakanin 1440-1500°C. Bangaren bakin ciki mai katanga na tsakiyar yashi yana cikin sauƙi a nutse a ƙarƙashin aikin narkakken ƙarfe mai zafi, kamar narkakkar ƙarfe da ke kutsawa cikin tsakiyar yashi, ko kuma samar da yanayin mu'amala don samar da yashi mai ɗaci. Refractoriness na yumbu yashi ya fi 1800 ° C, a halin yanzu, da gaske yawa na yumbu yashi ne in mun gwada da high, da motsin rai makamashi barbashi yashi tare da wannan diamita da gudun ne 1.28 sau na silica yashi barbashi lokacin harbi yashi, wanda zai iya. ƙara yawa na yashi tsakiya.
Wadannan fa'idodin sune dalilan da yasa yin amfani da yashi yumbu zai iya magance matsalar yashi mai mannewa a cikin rami na ciki na simintin siminti.
Jaket ɗin ruwa, abubuwan sha da shaye-shaye na toshewar Silinda da kan Silinda galibi suna da lahani na jijiya. Yawancin bincike da ayyukan simintin gyare-gyare sun nuna cewa tushen tushen lahani na veining a saman simintin gyaran kafa shine canjin lokaci na fadada yashi na silica, wanda ke haifar da damuwa na zafi yana haifar da tsagewa a saman saman yashi, wanda ke haifar da narkakken ƙarfe. don shiga cikin tsagewar, yanayin jijiyoyi ya fi girma musamman a cikin tsarin akwatin sanyi. A gaskiya ma, yawan yashi na silica yashi ya kai 1.5%, yayin da yawan yashi yumbura ya kasance 0.13% kawai (mai tsanani a 1000 ° C na minti 10). Yiwuwar fashewa yana da ƙanƙanta sosai inda a saman yashin yashi saboda damuwa na haɓakar thermal. Yin amfani da yashi yumbu a cikin yashi na tubalin Silinda da kan Silinda a halin yanzu shine mafita mai sauƙi da inganci ga matsalar veining.
Rikici, bakin ciki-bango, dogon da kunkuntar shugaban ruwa jaket yashi yashi da silinda mai tashar yashi yashi yana buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfi (ciki har da ƙarfin zafin jiki) da ƙarfi, kuma a lokaci guda yana buƙatar sarrafa haɓakar iskar gas na babban yashi. A al'ada, tsarin yashi mai rufi yawanci ana amfani da shi. Yin amfani da yashi yumbu yana rage yawan resin kuma yana samun sakamako na ƙarfin ƙarfi da ƙarancin iskar gas. Saboda ci gaba da inganta aikin resin da danyen yashi, tsarin akwatin sanyi ya ƙara maye gurbin wani ɓangare na tsarin yashi mai rufi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yana inganta ingantaccen samarwa da inganta yanayin samarwa.
2. Aikace-aikace na yumbu yashi don magance matsalar yashi core nakasawa na shaye bututu
Exhaust manifolds aiki a karkashin high-zazzabi a madadin yanayi na dogon lokaci, da hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya na kayan a high yanayin zafi kai tsaye rinjayar da sabis na shaye manifolds. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kasar ta ci gaba da inganta ka'idojin fitar da hayakin mota, kuma aikace-aikacen fasahar catalytic da fasahar turbocharging ya kara yawan zafin aiki na iskar shaye-shaye, wanda ya kai sama da 750 ° C. Tare da ƙarin haɓaka aikin injin, yanayin zafin aiki na yawan shaye-shaye shima zai ƙaru. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da simintin gyare-gyaren zafi gabaɗaya, kamar ZG 40Cr22Ni10Si2 (JB/T 13044), da sauransu, tare da zafin zafi mai jurewa 950°C-1100°C.
Ramin ciki na yawan shaye-shaye ana buƙatar gabaɗaya don ya kasance ba tare da fashewa ba, rufewar sanyi, raƙuman raguwa, haɗaɗɗun slag, da sauransu waɗanda ke shafar aikin, kuma ana buƙatar ƙaƙƙarfan rami na ciki kada ya wuce Ra25. A lokaci guda, akwai ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodi masu ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kauri na bangon bututu. An dade ana fama da matsalar kaurin bangon da ba ta dace ba da kuma karkatar da bangon bututun hayaki ya addabi wuraren da aka gano da yawa.
Wani katafaren gida ya fara amfani da yashin silica mai rufin yashi don samar da nau'ikan shaye-shaye na karfe mai jure zafi. Saboda yawan zafin da ake zubawa (1470-1550°C), an samu nakasu cikin saukin ma’aunin yashi, wanda ya haifar da abubuwan da ba su da juriya a cikin kaurin bangon bututu. Kodayake yashin silica an bi da shi tare da canjin yanayin zafi mai zafi, saboda tasirin abubuwa daban-daban, har yanzu ba zai iya shawo kan lalacewar yashin yashi a babban zafin jiki ba, wanda ke haifar da nau'i mai yawa a cikin kauri na bangon bututu. , kuma a lokuta masu tsanani, za a kwashe shi. Domin inganta ƙarfin yashi mai yashi da sarrafa iskar gas na yashi, an yanke shawarar yin amfani da yashi mai yashi. Lokacin da adadin guduro da aka ƙara ya kasance 36% ƙasa da na yashi mai rufi na silica, ƙarfin lanƙwasa zafin dakinsa da ƙarfin lanƙwasa thermal ya karu da 51%, 67%, kuma adadin samar da iskar gas ya ragu da 20%, wanda ya dace da aiwatar da bukatun babban ƙarfi da ƙarancin samar da iskar gas.
Masana'antar tana amfani da yashi mai yashi mai yashi da yumbu mai yashi mai yashi don yin simintin lokaci guda, bayan tsaftace simintin, suna gudanar da binciken jikin mutum.
Idan ainihin yashi ne mai yashi silica mai rufi, simintin gyare-gyaren suna da kauri mara daidaituwa da bangon bakin ciki, kuma kaurin bangon shine 3.0-6.2 mm; lokacin da ainihin ya kasance da yashi mai rufi yashi, kaurin bangon simintin ya zama iri ɗaya, kuma kaurin bangon shine 4.4-4.6 mm. kamar yadda hoton ya biyo baya
Yashi mai yashi silica
Yashi mai rufi yashi
yumbu yashi mai rufi yashi da ake amfani da su sa cores, wanda ya kawar da yashi core breakage, rage yashi core nakasawa, ƙwarai inganta girma daidaito na ciki rami kwarara tashar na shaye da yawa, da kuma rage yashi mai danko a cikin kogon ciki, inganta ingancin simintin gyare-gyare da ƙãre kayayyakin ƙididdigewa da cimma gagarumin fa'idodin tattalin arziki.
3. Aikace-aikace na yumbu yashi a turbocharger gidaje
Yanayin zafin aiki a ƙarshen injin turbocharger gabaɗaya ya wuce 600 ° C, wasu ma sun kai 950-1050 ° C. Kayan harsashi yana buƙatar zama mai juriya ga yanayin zafi kuma yana da kyakkyawan aikin simintin. Tsarin harsashi ya fi dacewa, kauri na bango yana da bakin ciki da daidaituwa, kuma rami na ciki yana da tsabta, da dai sauransu, yana da matukar bukata. A halin yanzu, gidan turbocharger gabaɗaya an yi shi da simintin ƙarfe mai jure zafi (kamar 1.4837 da 1.4849 na ma'aunin Jamusanci DIN EN 10295), kuma ana amfani da baƙin ƙarfe mai jure zafi (kamar daidaitaccen Jamusanci GGG SiMo, Ba'amurke. misali high-nickel austenitic nodular iron D5S, da dai sauransu).
A 1.8 T engine turbocharger gidaje, abu: 1.4837, wato GX40CrNiSi 25-12, babban sinadaran abun da ke ciki (%): C: 0.3-0.5, Si: 1-2.5, Cr: 24-27, Mo: Max 0.5, Ni: 11 -14, zuba zafin jiki 1560 ℃. Garin yana da babban maƙarƙashiya, babban ƙimar raguwa, ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi mai zafi mai zafi, da wahalar yin siminti. Tsarin ƙarfe na simintin gyare-gyare yana da ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatu akan ragowar carbides da abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba, kuma akwai ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idoji akan lahani na simintin. Domin tabbatar da ingancin simintin gyare-gyare da kuma samar da simintin gyare-gyare, tsarin yin gyare-gyaren yana ɗaukar ainihin simintin gyare-gyare tare da murhun yashi mai rufin fim (da wasu akwatin sanyi da akwatin akwatin zafi). Da farko, an yi amfani da yashi mai gogewa na AFS50, sannan kuma aka yi amfani da gasasshen yashi na siliki, amma matsaloli kamar yashi mai mannewa, bursu, tsagewar zafi, da pores a cikin rami na ciki sun bayyana zuwa matakai daban-daban.
Dangane da bincike da gwaji, masana'antar ta yanke shawarar yin amfani da yashi yumbu. Da farko da aka saya yashi mai rufi (100% yumbu yashi), sa'an nan kuma saya sabuntawa da kayan shafa, da kuma ci gaba da inganta tsarin yayin aikin samarwa, yi amfani da yashi yumbu da yashi mai gogewa don haɗuwa da ɗanyen yashi. A halin yanzu, yashi mai rufi ana aiwatar da shi daidai da tebur mai zuwa:
| Yashi mai rufi yashi tsari don turbocharger gidaje | ||||
| Girman Yashi | Yawan yashi yumbu % | Ƙarin guduro % | Karfin lankwasawa MPa | Yawan iskar gas ml/g |
| Farashin 50 | 30-50 | 1.6-1.9 | 6.5-8 | ≤12 |
A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, tsarin samar da wannan shuka yana gudana sosai, ingancin simintin gyaran kafa yana da kyau, kuma amfanin tattalin arziki da muhalli yana da ban mamaki. Takaitaccen bayanin shine kamar haka:
a. Yin amfani da yashi yumbu, ko yin amfani da cakuda yashi yumbu da yashi silica don yin murjani, yana kawar da lahani kamar yashi mai mannewa, sintiri, veining, da tsattsage zafi na simintin gyare-gyare, da kuma fahimtar samar da ingantaccen aiki;
b. Mahimmin simintin gyare-gyare, ingantaccen samarwa, ƙarancin yashi-baƙin ƙarfe (gabaɗaya baya wuce 2:1), ƙarancin ɗanyen yashi, da ƙarancin farashi;
c. Zuba ruwa mai mahimmanci yana da amfani ga sake yin amfani da shi gabaɗaya da sake haɓaka yashi na sharar gida, kuma ana ɗaukar yanayin zafi iri ɗaya don sabuntawa. Ayyukan yashi da aka sake haɓaka ya kai matakin sabon yashi don goge yashi, wanda ya sami sakamako na rage farashin siyan yashi mai ɗanɗano da rage ƙaƙƙarfan zubar da ruwa;
d. Wajibi ne a akai-akai bincika abubuwan da ke cikin yashi yumbu a cikin yashi da aka sabunta don sanin adadin sabon yashin yumbu da aka ƙara;
e. Yashi yumbu yana da siffar zagaye, ruwa mai kyau, da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa. Lokacin da aka haxa shi da yashi silica, yana da sauƙi don haifar da rabuwa. Idan ya cancanta, ana buƙatar daidaita tsarin harbin yashi;
f. Lokacin rufe fim ɗin, yi ƙoƙarin amfani da resin phenolic mai inganci, kuma amfani da ƙari daban-daban tare da taka tsantsan.
4. Aikace-aikace na yumbu yashi a cikin engine aluminum gami Silinda shugaban
Domin inganta karfin motoci, rage yawan man fetur, rage gurbatar yanayi, da kare muhalli, motoci marasa nauyi sune ci gaban masana'antar kera motoci. A halin yanzu, simintin gyare-gyaren injuna (ciki har da injin dizal), kamar tubalan silinda da kawunan silinda, gabaɗaya ana jefa su tare da allunan aluminium, da tsarin simintin tubalan silinda da kawunan silinda, lokacin amfani da yashi, simintin ƙera ƙarfe da ƙananan matsa lamba. simintin gyare-gyare (LPDC) sune mafi yawan wakilai.
Tsarin yashi, yashi mai rufi da tsarin akwatin sanyi na aluminum gami da simintin silinda da simintin kai sun fi na kowa, dacewa da daidaitattun daidaito da manyan halayen samarwa. Hanyar amfani da yashi yumbu yayi kama da samar da kan silinda na simintin ƙarfe. Saboda ƙananan zafin jiki da ƙananan ƙayyadaddun nauyin aluminum gami, ana amfani da yashi mai ƙarfi gabaɗaya, kamar akwatin sanyi yashi core a cikin masana'anta, adadin guduro da aka ƙara shine 0.5-0.6%, kuma ƙarfin ƙarfi shine 0.5-0.6%. 0.8-1.2 MPa. Ana buƙatar yashi mai mahimmanci Yana da kyakkyawan haɗuwa. Yin amfani da yashi yumbu yana rage adadin resin da aka ƙara kuma yana inganta rushewar tushen yashi sosai.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, don inganta yanayin samarwa da kuma inganta ingancin simintin gyare-gyare, ana samun ƙarin bincike da aikace-aikace na masu ɗaure inorganic (ciki har da gilashin ruwa da aka gyara, phosphate binders, da dai sauransu). Hoton da ke ƙasa shine wurin yin simintin masana'anta ta amfani da yumbu yashi inorganic binder core sand aluminum gami silinda shugaban.
Ma'aikatar tana amfani da yumbu yashi inorganic daure don yin ainihin, kuma adadin da aka ƙara shine 1.8 ~ 2.2%. Saboda da kyau fluidity na yumbu yashi, da yashi core ne m, da surface ne cikakke da kuma santsi, kuma a lokaci guda, adadin gas samar da karami, shi ne ƙwarai inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa na simintin gyaran kafa, inganta collapsibility na core yashi. , inganta yanayin samarwa, kuma ya zama samfurin samar da kore.
Aikace-aikacen yashi yumbu a cikin masana'antar simintin injin ya inganta ingantaccen samarwa, inganta yanayin aiki, warware lahani na simintin, kuma ya sami fa'idodin tattalin arziƙi da kyawawan fa'idodin muhalli.
Ya kamata masana'antar kera injin ɗin ta ci gaba da haɓaka haɓakar yashi mai mahimmanci, ƙara haɓaka haɓakar yashi yumbu, da rage ƙaƙƙarfan hayaƙi.
Daga hangen tasirin amfani da iyakokin amfani, yashi yumbu a halin yanzu shine yashi na musamman tare da mafi kyawun aiki da mafi girman amfani a masana'antar simintin injin.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 27-2023
